2016-01-30

Mac下安装PHP开发环境

最近有点闲钱买Mac了，便果断换了个rmbp当工作本，折腾了小半天，终于把
Mac下PHP的开发环境搭好了，用的是nginx+php-fpm，特地记录一下如何在Mac(版本10.11.3)下从零开始安装PHP开发环境

Mac下有必要重新搭建PHP开发环境么

有必要

Mac自带的PHP不支持PHP扩展
Mac自带apache不能优雅的install/remove
Mac自带的PHP版本往往不是最新／最流行的

安装Homebrew

homebrew是什么

homebrew是OS X 不可或缺的套件管理器，类似于ubuntu下apt-get，Red hat的yum，官网：http://brew.sh/index_zh-cn.html

homebrew安装

安装非常简单，打开终端粘贴以下代码即可：

/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

安装依赖

brew install FORMULA

homebrew常用命令

搜索软件：brew search 软件名，如brew search php56
安装软件：brew install 软件名，如brew install php56
卸载软件：brew remove 软件名，如brew remove php56
重新安装： brew reinstall 软件名，如brew reinstall PHP56

homebrew一般流程

增加一个程序源 brew tap homebrew/php
更新程序源 brew update
安装程序包 brew install php56
查看配置 brew config 可以看到程序包默认安装在/usr/local/Cellar下

安装PHP5.6

这里使用的是php-fpm的安装方式，详细的安装说明可以见：homebrew-php

加入官方源

brew tap homebrew/dupes
brew tap homebrew/versions
brew tap homebrew/php

安装PHP

默认安装会运行在apache下，而我们要使它运行在php-fpm下，所以要增加参数
--with-fpm --without-apache ，查看所有安装参数可以输入brew option php56进行查看，参考安装指令：

brew install php56 \
--without-snmp \
--without-apache \
--with-debug \
--with-fpm \
--with-intl \
--with-homebrew-curl \
--with-homebrew-libxslt \
--with-homebrew-openssl \
--with-imap \
--with-mysql \
--with-tidy

安装完后有一大堆的提示说明，首先由于Mac自带PHP，所以要修改系统路径，优先允许brew安装的版本

echo 'export PATH="$(brew --prefix homebrew/php/php56)/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc

###安装PHP扩展
php扩展可以用brew search php56查看，参考安装指令：

brew install php56-gearman php56-msgpack php56-memcache php56-memcached php56-mongo php56-redis php-zookeeper php56-xdebug

测试php

php -v

如果出现扩展启动错误，可以使用下面命令重新安装

brew reinstall php56-gearman --build-from-source

附：测试Mac自带PHP的命令是：/usr/bin/php -v

运行php-fpm

测试php-fpm

php-fpm -v

附：测试Mac自带的php-fpm命令：/usr/bin/php-fpm -v

运行php-fpm

sudo php-fpm -D

关闭php-fpm

sudo killall php-fpm

查看php-fpm运行状态

lsof -Pni4 | grep LISTEN | grep php

php-fpm开机启动

ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/php56/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php56.plist

可能出现的问题一

ERROR: failed to open configuration file '/private/etc/php-fpm.conf': No such file or directory 
ERROR: failed to load configuration file '/private/etc/php-fpm.conf'
ERROR: FPM initialization failed

解决方法

sudo cp /private/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /private/etc/php-fpm.conf

可能出现的问题二

ERROR: failed to open error_log (/usr/var/log/php-fpm.log): No such file or directory (2)
ERROR: failed to post process the configuration
ERROR: FPM initialization failed

解决方法

sudo vi /private/etc/php-fpm.conf    
#找到`error_log`项，在下面添加：
error_log = /usr/local/var/log/php-fpm.log
pid = /usr/local/var/run/php-fpm.pid

安装nginx

基础安装

安装命令：

brew install nginx

启动关闭命令：

#测试配置是否有语法错误
nginx -t

#打开 nginx
sudo nginx

#重新加载配置|重启|停止|退出 nginx
nginx -s reload|reopen|stop|quit

开机启动：

ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/nginx/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist

nginx监听80端口：

sudo chown root:wheel /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.0_1/bin/nginx
sudo chmod u+s /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.0_1/bin/nginx

配置文件

按ubuntu文件格式来储存配置文件，方便配置多个域名：

mkdir -p /usr/local/var/logs/nginx
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl

编辑Nginx全局配置

vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
#添加以下内容
worker_processes  1;
error_log   /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/error.log debug;
pid        /usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections  256;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] '
    '"$request" $status $body_bytes_sent '
    '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" '
    '"$http_x_forwarded_for" $host $request_time $upstream_response_time $scheme '
    '$cookie_evalogin';

    access_log  /usr/local/var/logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    port_in_redirect off;

    include /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}

设置nginx php-fpm配置文件

vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm
#输入以下配置
    location ~ \.php$ {
    try_files                   $uri = 404;
    fastcgi_pass                127.0.0.1:9000;
    fastcgi_index               index.php;
    fastcgi_intercept_errors    on;
    include /usr/local/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf;
}

在/usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled目录下，一个文件对应一个域名的配置，我们设置web服务器目录是/var/www

sudo mkdir -p /var/www
sudo chown :staff /var/www
sudo chmod 775 /var/www
vi /var/www/info.php
vi /var/www/index.html
vi /var/www/403.html
vi /var/www/404.html

创建默认虚拟主机default

vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/default
#输入以下配置
server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  localhost;
    root         /var/www/;

    access_log  /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/default.access.log  main;

    location / {
        index  index.html index.htm index.php;
        autoindex   on;
        include     /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm;
    }

    location = /info {
        allow   127.0.0.1;
        deny    all;
        rewrite (.*) /.info.php;
    }

    error_page  404     /404.html;
    error_page  403     /403.html;
}

创建ssl默认虚拟主机default-ssl

vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/default-ssl
#输入以下配置
server {
    listen       443;
    server_name  localhost;
    root       /var/www/;

    access_log  /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/default-ssl.access.log  main;

    ssl                  on;
    ssl_certificate      ssl/localhost.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key  ssl/localhost.key;

    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    ssl_protocols  SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on;

    location / {
        include   /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm;
    }

    location = /info {
        allow   127.0.0.1;
        deny    all;
        rewrite (.*) /.info.php;
    }

    error_page  404     /404.html;
    error_page  403     /403.html;
}

这样启动了php-fpm和Nginx后，就可以通过http://localhost来运访问php程序了，也可以使用https://localhost来访问ssl内容

安装mysql

mysql基本安装

安装命令：

brew install mysql

安装完成之后开启MySQL安全机制：

/usr/local/opt/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation

MySQL开机启动：

ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/mysql/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist

基本命令：

mysql.server start
mysql.server stop
mysql -u root -p

安装phpmyadmin

安装命令：

brew install phpmyadmin

创建phpmyadmin虚拟主机：

vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/phpmyadmin
#输入以下配置
server {
    listen       306;
    server_name  localhost;
    root    /usr/local/share/phpmyadmin;

    error_log   /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/phpmyadmin.error.log;
    access_log  /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/phpmyadmin.access.log main;

    ssl                  on;
    ssl_certificate      ssl/phpmyadmin.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key  ssl/phpmyadmin.key;

    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    ssl_protocols  SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on;

    location / {
        index  index.html index.htm index.php;
        include   /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm;
    }
}

设置ssl

mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl
openssl req -new -newkey rsa:4096 -days 365 -nodes -x509 -subj "/C=US/ST=State/L=Town/O=Office/CN=localhost" -keyout /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl/localhost.key -out /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl/localhost.crt
openssl req -new -newkey rsa:4096 -days 365 -nodes -x509 -subj "/C=US/ST=State/L=Town/O=Office/CN=phpmyadmin" -keyout /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl/phpmyadmin.key -out /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl/phpmyadmin.crt

创建虚拟主机软连接，开启虚拟主机

ln -sfv /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/default /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
ln -sfv /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/default-ssl /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default-ssl
ln -sfv /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/phpmyadmin /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/phpmyadmin

这样便可以用下面链接访问了：

http://localhost/ -> index.html
http://localhost/info -> info.php via phpinfo();
http://localhost/404 -> 404.html
https://localhost/ -> index.html(SSL)
https://localhost/info -> info.php via phpinfo();(SSL)
https://localhost/404 -> 404.html(SSL)
https://localhost:306 -> phpmyadmin(SSL)

安装memcached

安装命令：

brew install memcached

启动/停止指令：

memcached -d
killall memcached

加入开机启动：

ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/memcached/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist

安装redis

安装命令：

brew install redis

Redis默认配置文件不允许以Deamon方式运行，因此需要先修改配置文件

vim /usr/local/etc/redis.conf

将daemonize修改为yes，然后载入配置文件即可实现后台进程启动

redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis.conf

加入开机启动

ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/redis/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist

附：所有开机启动的命令可以用brew info查看

设置快捷启动

使用alias命令，创建服务快捷启动：

vim ~/.bash_aliases
#输入以下内容
alias nginx.start='launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist'
alias nginx.stop='launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist'
alias nginx.restart='nginx.stop && nginx.start'
alias php-fpm.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist"
alias php-fpm.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist"
alias php-fpm.restart='php-fpm.stop && php-fpm.start'
alias mysql.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist"
alias mysql.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist"
alias mysql.restart='mysql.stop && mysql.start'
alias redis.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist"
alias redis.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist"
alias redis.restart='redis.stop && redis.start'
alias memcached.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist"
alias memcached.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist"
alias memcached.restart='memcached.stop && memcached.start'

让快捷命令生效

echo "[[ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]] && . ~/.bash_aliases" >> ~/.bash_profile     
source ~/.bash_profile